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Workplace Diversity Sample Essay

Many complex issues are covered by the term diversity. A diversified staff comprises of individuals from various upbringings inclusive of spiritual opinions, ethnic characteristics and economic backgrounds. Embracing diversity brings strengths to the workplace, below are steps in the embracement of diversity in a workplace.

A well-oiled working team embraces respect, tolerance and compassion as its core values which is a big step in the adoption of diversity in a workplace. Being pre-emptive in accepting all types of individuals who convey significance to the organization and encouraging strong relationships which creates a conducive environment for the workers to learn from each other for the better good of the organization is pretty cool.

Various religions have different beliefs. Recognizing this will bring a sense of belonging to the members in the organization as everybody will feel appreciated despite their religious affiliations ( Dike, 2013). People from different religions may need extra considerations hence being aware and sensitive of this is a good thing. For example, some may need a few minutes of the working hours to go and pray. When such is respected, everybody plays his part and harmony is strengthened thus producing great results.

Communication is key for the progress of any given organization. Granting every member of the organization freedom to express their feelings towards any given issue affecting them as a taskforce is a big step. The members should be able to understand and interpret the strategies and organizational moral beliefs and clarify any unclear issue. Any ambiguities and misunderstandings identified should be addressed by involving all members in giving different opinions on resolution methods.

The value of identifying individuals not based on labels is a good thing in a diverse working team. Setting up time in arranging relationship-building exercises will be of great help in appreciating people from different cultures ( Hudson, Jr., 2014). Having enough knowledge on different cultures will help in the approach of handling different issues while recognizing cultural differences. No member should be treated or judged based on their cultural practices but respect should be paramount.

In conclusion, the advantages of embracing diversity in a workplace should not be underestimated. Diversity in a workplace conveys a range of awareness, know-how and diverse perceptions. Fostering a functional atmosphere that appreciates variances will lead to the success of the organization.

References

Dike, P. (2013). The impact of workplace diversity on organisations. ARCADA, 1-59.

Hudson, Jr., S. W. (2014). Diversity in the Workforce. Journal of Education and Human Development, 1-10.

 

Workplace Diversity Sample Essay

 

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Microbiology Research Example Paper

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Microbiology

Name

Institution Affiliation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Microbiology

Question 1

Antigens have the ability to stimulate an immune system. Due to their different surface features, they result in specific responses. The primary immune system occurs when an antigen comes into contact with the immune system for the first time. During this specific time, the immune system has to come up with a way recognizing the antigen. Through this, it is able to make an antibody against the antigen and finally produces memory lymphocytes. Memory lymphocytes are very important as they recognize an antigen introduced into the body during a prior infection. Secondary immune response on the other hand occurs when an individual is exposed to the same antigen for the second, third and fourth times. At this given point, the body is already aware of this antigen. Therefore, immunological memory is established enabling the immune system to start making antibodies instantly. The initial response to a vaccine is similar to that of the primary response upon first exposure to a pathogen. However, the purpose of vaccines is to prime the body so that when an individual is exposed to antigens, their immune system is able to respond rapidly and hence destroying the pathogen before it causes disease.

Question 2

Major histocompatibility complex is a group of genes that code for proteins found on the surface of cells that assist the immune system in recognizing foreign materials. These proteins are found in all higher vertebrates. There exists two types of MHC proteins, class one and two. Class one molecules lengthen the membrane of almost all cells in an organism while class two molecules are restricted to cells of the immune system. MHC molecules are very important as they enable lymphocytes to detect cells capable of causing infectious diseases. Besides, the lymphocyte recognizes foreign substances attached to the MHC molecule and binds it thus stimulating an immune system. Lack of production of MHC molecules would mean that the immune system of the person involved is weak. Such a person is prone to diseases causing infections and thus his health is I danger. Additionally, if such a person gets infected, he could easily lose his life as his body lacks ability to fight diseases.

Question 3

T cells are very important in the body of any vertebrate.As part of the immune response, they have the capability to recognize and get rid of infected cells. They are also helpful to other significant cells due to their ability to produce antibodies.  In some cases, the T cells, enhances the immune response and especially after elimination of an infection. Additionally, most of the adaptive immune responses require these cells for them to be initiated. Indeed, these cells are also very important when it comes to elimination of pathogens that are found within cells.

Question 4

Dendritic cells are very basic when it comes to the initiation of primary immune responses. These cells are very important due to their ability to stimulate naïve T cells hence very essential in the production of adaptive immunity. They are also play a significant role in influencing how cells respond to the innate immune system. It also creates an opportunity for the production and development appropriate vaccinations which enables the body to develop secondary immune system thus responding rapidly to germs causing diseases.

Macrophages play a substantial role in protecting the body against foreign substance that would result to diseases. They play the role of a defender due to their ability to engulf phagocytosis from parasites and microbes. They are capable of regulating lymphocyte initiation and production and also vital in the activation of T lymphocytes by antigens. In addition, macrophages kill consumedmicroorganisms.

Neutrophils plays a substantial roll in killing of germs causing diseases. Due to their abundance, they are capable of combating and killing any foreign material which would otherwise weaken the immune system and thus expose the body to various diseases.  Neutrophils are also heavily armed. They contain natural antibiotics capable of killing and destroying any foreign material in various ways. In addition, neutrophils are the first cells to reach any infected part of the body. As a result, they keep the body safe until a sturdy immune system is adapted by the body. Finally, they are ready to give their lives so long as the body remains from diseases and infections.

Mast cells play a significant role in defending the body against infectious diseases.  For instance, they are well positioned to serve as immune sentinel to respond directly to foreign materials capable of causing diseases and also warns other tissues so that they can innate adaptive immune system. They are also actively involved in killing of organisms by phagocytosis.

The roles of eosinophil varies significantly as some are very similar to those of other blood cells.  However, they are actively involved in making permanent pathologic changes, modulating inflammatory responses and participates in instant allergic reactions.

Natural killer cells, play a substantial role in the host rejection of both tumour and cells infected with virus.  They prevent and contain virus causing diseases while the adaptive immune response generates certain T cells capable of combating the disease in question.

 

           

 

Microbiology Research Example Paper

 

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Desert and Dryness Essay Sample

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Desertification

Name

Institution Affiliation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Desertification

            United Nations Environmental Programme was formed in 1972 and mandated with the role of identifying and analyzing global environmental problems. Additionally, the body has the role of assisting third world countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. The body has its headquarters in Nairobi Kenya. UNEP aims at conserving the environment in a series of ways.

Deserts are associated with dryness, seasonal high temperature, very low rainfall, and a high evaporation rate. A desert is mostly found in areas with high pressure.  Rainfall and temperature in deserts are influenced by climate changes(World Commission on Protected Areas, 2011). For instance, interrelated ocean-atmosphere systems make deserts drier hence reducing the diversity of their ecosystems.  Desertification is caused by several reasons;

Overgrazing is a leading cause of desertification. Presence of too many animals in one area exposes the given environment to desertification. These animals eat all the vegetation in that area leaving the ground bare exposing it to soil erosion through strong winds and water. Additionally, as a result of overgrazing, vegetation is not given time to grow due to the continuous presence of the animals. When strong winds blow, soils particles and especially the topsoil is carried away leaving the land bare and unproductive. Running water also acts as an agent of soil erosion (Bhaker & Parwal, 2016). When the fertile soil is carried away, the land can no longer support the growth of any plant and eventually it becomes a desert.

Cutting down of trees or simply deforestation cause desertification. Trees are cleared for different reasons. For instance, they are cut for commercial use such as timber and firewood. They are also cleared to create land for settlement due to the increasing number of people in a given region. Cutting of trees causes the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air which is harmful to both human and animal life. Trees also hold the soil firm thus preventing it from being carried away by either water or strong winds(Bennett, 2017). However, whenever they are cut, the soil is left exposed to agents of erosion. Additionally, trees attract rainfall through completion of the water cycle which means whenever they are cut down, little or no rainfall is experienced leading to desertification.

Poor farming methods contribute to the spread of desertification. Some farmers lack basic knowledge of the importance of crop rotation (World Information Transfer, 2019). When the soil is completely drained of significant nutrients, it does not support the growth of plants. The land is, therefore, left bare exposing it to agents of soil erosion.

Urbanization leads to clearance of important plantations such as forests. Trees are cut down to create room for the construction of modern buildings. The soils are left bare and the buildings constructed cannot hold the soil firm and complete the water cycle leading to rainfall (Wang, et al., 2018). Additionally, some of the wastes released from the industries carry toxic materials harmful to plant life. The toxic wastes end up eliminating the remaining plantations hence leading to desertification.

Natural disasters also contribute to the spread of desertification. Long periods of sunshine make plants to dry up exposing the land to desertification. Additionally, floods sweep away all the plants in the lands leaving it bare for desertification to set in(UNEP, 2010). As a result of such disasters, human beings are left with little or no ability to reclaim the land already encroached by the desert.

Desertification has substantial effects on both the environment and the people. As a result of desertification, farming proves futile. The land is bare and there lacks adequate rainfall to support the growth of plants(World Commission on Protected Areas, 2011). People and animals are therefore exposed to hunger and starvation which can lead to loss of lives. Communities which depend on farming as their main economic activity are subjected to abject poverty as a result of lack of income.

When large areas of land become deserts, populations migrate to other areas leading to overpopulation. Overpopulation leads to a shortage of food due to limited farming lands. Moreover, as a result of overpopulation, people are exposed to poor living conditions leading to crime (World Information Transfer, 2019). Crime, on the other hand, leads to insecurity and a state of disorder in the society hence dragging the rate of development down. Plant life also plays a substantial role in the water cycle. When a region becomes a desert, there is a shortage of rain and the quality of rain experienced if any is of low quality thus unsuitable for human consumption. However, desertification can be remedied by adopting the following;

Farmers should be taught on suitable farming methods. They should be given enough knowledge of how long they should carry out farming on a certain piece of land. They should also be taught on the importance of crop rotation to prevent exhaustion of important nutrients from the soil which can lead to the death of plant life(UNEP, 2010). Recommended methods of farming should also be introduced and taught to farmers and especially those with little or no education.

Land rehabilitation efforts should be emphasized on to eradicate desertification. This could be by reclaiming land through afforestation. Planting of new trees can restore the forest covers and hence eradicate soil erosion and reinforce the water cycle. The relevant authorities should come up with strident measures to deal with those cutting trees and engaging in unfriendly environmental practices.     Technological advances should be made to ensure that the environment is not affected by human activities. For instance, if there is a need to create space for any activity, trees should not be cut down but should be uprooted and planted in other areas(UNEP, 2010). Alternative methods of tackling the issue in hand should also be applied instead of cutting down the vegetation. People should also be taught on the importance of carrying out controlled grazing to keep the environment free of desertification.

United Nations Environmental Programme plays a significant role in the preservation of the environment for the better good of society (UNEP, 2015). For instance, it protects certain natural habitats such as forests from encroachment. This is in an attempt to ensure that important species are maintained and the environment remains suitable for human survival.

Education can play a pivotal role in eradicating the menace of desertification. Through education, people can realize different ways of conserving the environment for the greater good of future generations( THE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP ALLIANCE, 2017). Irrigation schemes can be set in the dry areas through which growth of plantations will improve and hence improve the water cycle. Food security will also improve as the irrigation schemes will be used to grow crops for animal and human consumption.

In conclusion, human activities play a significant role in climate change and desertification. The rate of desertification is increasing at an alarming rate necessitating the need for strident measures to be taken to deal with the situation before things get out of hand. All stakeholders should join hands to save the environment for the greater good of society.

 

 

References

Bennett, L. (2017). Deforestation and Climate Change. The Climate Institute, 1-17.

Bhaker, D. R., & Parwal, M. (2016). Desertification – Causes and Impacts. Allied Journals, 1-3.

4.

THE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP ALLIANCE. (2017). CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION. THE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP ALLIANCE, 1-45.

 

UNEP. (2010). Natural disasters and desertification. UNEP, 1-14.

UNEP. (2015). The United Nations Environment Programme and the 2030 Agenda. UNEP, 1-8.

Wang, L.-Y., Xiao, Y., Rao, E.-M., Jiang, L., Xiao, Y., & Ouyang, Z.-Y. (2018). An Assessment of the Impact of Urbanization on Soil Erosion in Inner Mongolia. Environmental Research and Public Health, 1-13.

WELLBORN, M. (1912). THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACTS. The Historical Society of Southern California, 49-58.

World Commission on Protected Areas. (2011). World Heritage Desert Landscapes. World Commission on Protected Areas, 1-50.

World Information Transfer. (2019). Desertification: Its Effects on People and Land. World Information Transfe, 1-16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Desert and Dryness Essay Sample

 

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Relational Conflict Between Male And Female Essay

Relationships between women and men are not simply impossible or difficult. Misunderstandings of social beings are inevitable to occur; when men expect women to think and act as men and women expect men to think and act as women, conflicts becomes inevitable. This does not mean that men and women live in absolutely different realities (Corner, 2008). We can also not conclude that all the conflicts that visit relationships between men and women are solely from lack of knowledge of their differences. This paper endeavors to dig into an understanding of the various relational conflicts that springs from perception differences (Patterson, 2007). The greatest challenges that are facing majority of men-women relationships are failure to be aware of their identities and failure to accept their differences so as to live skillful and full lives. For congruent and cohesive coexistence, men and women must understand their differences and similarities. Relational Conflict Between Male And Female Essay

2.1 Background of Man-Women Relationship

For many centuries the differences between women and men were socially defined. The lenses of sexism were used to distort the relational differences in which men assumed superiority over the women and maintained their position through domination (FGU). When the goals of equality between men and women became a public demand, people started losing the awareness of the importance emanating from the differences. The vision for equality between the two sexes has narrowed all the possibilities of discovering what truly is in existence within women and men (Corner, 2008). The understanding of the differences that exist can serve as a very important tool in facilitating reconciliation between the two sexes when a conflict erupts. If the different sexes were to understand themselves, then they would with ease devise mechanisms of dealing with their sexual differences conflicts that tampers their congruent relationships.Relational Conflict Between Male And Female Essay

Dr. Michael G. Conner (2008), a clinical medical and family psychologist has purported that men and women are equal but different. He has supported his allegation by stating that even though men and women have equal rights to opportunities and protection under the law they are different in their physical and psychological making. Men and women differ in their perception to some life concepts and consequently diversified approaches.

2.2 Why the Concern on Relational Conflicts?

Relationship between men and women is not always productive; conflicts between the two sexes prompt one to ask ‘what are the sources of the conflicts?’ we do not refute the fact than men conflict with fellow men as women conflict with fellow women, but our area of concern is a desire to know why the conflicts between men and women differs from the conflict of the same sex. Science has endeavored to explain the biological reason behind the differences. McCarthy (2008) did a research that was meant to identify whether the behavioral difference between men and women has any biological explanation. He identified that the behavioral difference is as a result of the distinct mind between the two sexes. He pointed out that female’s and male’s brain appear to be constructed from strikingly different blueprints. The recent neurological studies have identified that the differences in the circuitry that wires the brain and the chemicals that transport messages inside the brain is so vast that one has to conclude that there are two types of brains. People act and react from their perception towards a given situation hence behavior. This acts as a source of conflict between men and women.

2.3 Approach and Intervention

This paper shall explain the various sources of conflicts between men and women derived from their perception differences and explain the intervention measures that can be employed to overcome the conflicts. The hypothetical intervention applicable in overcoming relational conflicts emanating from perceptional differences include: Empowerment; doing away with the ignorance, Communication; sharing perceptions hence overcoming the challenge of relational conflict, learning to be listeners of each other, acceptance of the fact that perception differs, being flexible over conflicting issues and learning to negotiate over issues in dispute.

A research was conducted to identify whether reaction differences between male and female is biological or a result of socialization process. It involved two months old male and female infants prior to the socialization process. The research identified that female infants are more responsive to sounds of a person in distress than male infants. Male infants were more responsive to objects as opposed to female infants who were more responsive to faces (Yarborough, 2006).

3.1 Differences of perception that acts as sources of conflict between men and women

3.1 Processing of information

There are fundamental differences in the manner in which women and men process information. Women can process information more extensively and different pieces of information than men can do; men have a tendency to digest one thing at a time. A study was conducted to find out the truth of this allegation. Man and women were taken to a room for some few minutes and then later were asked what they observed. Almost all men could just remember the general appearance of the room, while the women remembered distinct details such as the position of a flower vessel, the photos on the walls, the cleanliness of the table clothes, the model of television among other details. Such a pronounced capacity to information processing has acted as a major source of conflict between the two sexes (Gilligan, 1982). For example, a woman may be talking to the husband while watching the television and still noticing what the children are doing. She may ask the husband a question who is engrossed on the TV and simply because it’s hard for him to engage in a serious conversation while watching the television, he may not give the right answer. The wife may think that the husband is ignoring her leading to relational conflict. Research has identified that relationship between boys and girls to be sour many times. Many girls perceive the conversations with boys very boring. This is because girls can process diverse information at the same time but the boys can only deal with one thing at a time. The boys find the conversations as time wasting since they become confused during the talks, they would rather engage in sport activities rather than engage in a conversation with some girls who may be engaged in three topics at the same time.

3.2 Reading of sexual cues

Research has identified that men are more responsive to sexual cues than women. This means that during a conversation men can read sexual cues more readily than women. Men have been found to be more sensitive to sexual signals than women. This difference acts a source of relational conflict between men and women. During a conversation between a husband and wife, the husband may expect the wife to read in between the lines his expression of desire for sex but the woman may not see from such a viewpoint. The man may conclude that the wife is not interested or is repelling him (Yarborough, 2006).

3.3 Appearance

Men and woman differ to a great extend in their perception towards appearance. They mostly appear to be fashion phobic. Mostly this emanates from hoe they are perceived by the other men. Men fear that they would appear to be too foppish or narcissistic if they are too overly concerned about clothing (Booth, Crouter, & Clements, 2001). Those selling fashion to women have to approach men from a different perspective. Women and fashion are inseparable. When a woman has the most recent wearing she is adored and envied by fellow women. She is moralized to ask and need more to maintain the glory and celebrity. Their men partners do not seen to understand why their women spend all they have to be fashionable hence a source of conflict (Yarborough, 2006).

3.4 Keenness to Details

Studies have identified that women and men differ in their thinking: Men are macro thinkers while women are micro thinkers; this means women attention are to details in al issues that they deal with while the men are concerned about the end product. For example a woman will concentrate on all the adverts on various types of oils that are in the market to ensure that she applies the right oil to different parts of the body. She will buy different types of hair shampoos, hair oil, hand oil, face oil, legs oil, and body oil. A man will just use one type for the whole body (Sabbatini, 1997). The keenness to details have caused many relationship breakages between men and women as men feels women are too inquisitive in attempt to ensure all things are okay. A woman on the other hand feels a man is irresponsible hence she can not cope with such levels of recklessness.

Researches have identified that women’s two spheres of brain communicate better than they do in men. The studies have identified that women pull in information from both halves. This distinct feature allows women to give more sophisticated emotional responses (Sabbatini, 1997). This makes women to be better in reading subtleties and in talking on emotions. Relational conflicts crops up when a woman is facing an issue that she feels the male partner should feel with her and consequently offer the appropriate moral and emotional support, but simply because men have different perception on emotional issues he may fail to respond as expected stirring a woman to think that the man cares less hence a source of conflict (Ligate & Tucker, 2005).

3.5 Response to threats

Men and women respond to challenges and threatening situations differently. There are many studies that show that many women responds to fears and threats by running away from the threat while men confront the situation. Many researchers have argued that this is a question of socialization, while others have argued that it’s an innate trait emanating from inborn perception characteristic. Conner (2008) has argued the physical differences between men and women are the reasons behind their differences in perception hence dissimilar approaches to threats. Men have greater upper body strength with build muscles and thicker skin; this propels them to believe in themselves. The relational conflicts emanates from a situation where the two sexes are faced with threatening situation that requires an endorsement of the two to face the challenge, if a woman flees the man fail to understand the reason for the reaction perceiving such a move as an act of betrayal (Kuriansky, 2001).

3.6 Approach to problems

Women and men approach a problem with similar goals but with dissimilar considerations. Even though men and women can solve a problem equally well their approach to the problem varies to a great degree. A woman believes in sharing and discussing a problem so as to explore, deepen and strengthen the relationship with the person she is interacting with. For women, their greatest concern is ‘how the problem is solved’ rather than the final solution. The approach that will be used to approach a problem is a determinant of strength or the weakness that will exist in a relationship between the parties involved. Men have a very different approach to a problem. A man will approach a problem as an opportunity to prove his competence as well as his strength to solve problems and commitment to relationships (Berry, & Traeder, 1995). The manner of solving a problem is not of concern as arriving at the solution efficiently and effectively. Men have a tendency to dominate or assume authority in the process of problem solving. They are often destructed and are less concerned with quality of relationship while solving a problem. The different approaches to problem solving are a source of conflict. If a woman attempts to dominate, men feel they are abased and may not take it on a light note. Women may also feel offended if a man cares less on the relationship in problem solving.

4.0 Applied Hypothetical Intervention

4.1 Overcoming Relational-Conflicts between Men and Women

Men and woman differs in one way or another, this paper has explained why men and women differ, the issue of perception: women have shared ways of dealing with diverse situations which differs from men’s approach; these differences are brought about by difference in the way women perceive things being different from the way men view things. As it has been clearly showed in this paper the differences in approaches makes men and women conflict. Men can not live differently from women, they have to co-exist amidst their differences, this calls for adoption of strategies that will facilitate a comfortable or conducive coexistence.

4.1.1 Overcoming Ignorance

One of the greatest causes of the relational conflict between men and women is ignorance: Conflict is inevitable for somebody will feel unfulfilled or offended if a partner or a colleague seems not do things the way you want them done. The reason as to why people feel offended is because they do not know that men and women have diverse perception (UNESCO, January 2002). There is a need to create awareness; as a mitigation measure, social psychologist should put pen to paper on perception differences and use all the available channels of communication to Create awareness. Couples facing relational conflicts should be helped to understand themselves and understand their partners, if somebody understands how his / her partner sees and approaches diverse concepts, he / she will make efforts to see the concept in question from their point of view (Cameron, 2000). Lack of flexibility to accommodate a partner emanates from the ignorance; one wonders why can’t the partner understand a concept that seems so simple?

4.1.2 Use of Communication

Conflicts are worsened by lack of communication between the conflicting parties. If both sexes in a relational conflict were to learn the art of communication; the perceptions diversities could easily be overcome. Many conflicting partners engage in looking for a ‘way to avoid a conflict’, hence the act functions as a part time solution to the problem; partners avoid sharing their views which they make out as contrasting with their partner’s (Booth, Crouter, & Clements, 2001). Conflicting perception and approaches to relational conflicts between men and woman can easily be dealt with by handling a conflict in such a way that will bring growth and constructive solution; accepting the truth about the diverse perception and agreeing on the mode of settling conflicting issues. Councilors should advice people to learn to speak out their hearts, what is their feeling towards a given concept, and why they feel that a desired approach to a given challenge is varied and most workable. Such a strategy calls for flexibility where the partners consent that either could be right hence each should be given an opportunity to support his/ her take. Conflicting partners should not avoid discussing an issue in conflict for such a move worsens the already heated conflict. Both men and women should always take the responsibility of fixing an issue in question at home, workplace or social gatherings (Academic leadership. Com 2010).

4.1.3 Listening, Acceptance, Accommodation and Flexibility

If men and women accept the reality of their perception differences they will get into a position of accommodating each other. Our diversity in perception should not act as a source of conflict rather as an opportunity to learn. It’s only when one learns to listens to the other sexes’ point of view will he/she have a wider perception, of course it again requires flexibility, consequently accommodate the partner’s ideas. In this endeavor both people have to learn to be compromisers. If a situation presents itself that has diverse ways of approach according to the different perceptions, after the sharing of the diverse perceptions, one of the partners will have to compromise their belief so as to avoid conflicting by endeavoring to see things from their partner’s point of view. Negotiation is also very important in arriving at a consensus over an issue in conflict (Phobias-help.com, 2010). After the partners agree that they can never think the same, they should negotiate for a common ground. This is achievable by avoiding competition of ‘whose idea wins’ for such will extrapolate a conflict.

5.0 Conclusion

Conflicts in the society are inevitable, but with the right intervention measures they can be reduced. Relational conflicts between men and women have been so pronounced some times leading to loss of life and property. Many marriages have been broken since the parties involved could not bear the diversity of perception. Men and women continues to conflict because of their dissimilar takes over issues of life. Studies have identified that men and women have different biological makings that causes perceptional differences. The perceptional differences act as sources of conflict.

For fruitful coexistence between different sexes there is a need of acceptance of our diversified perceptions in order to develop mutual existence mechanisms. People should employ all the available resources that will facilitate understating acceptance and mutual relationships between sexes. If the parties in conflict were to accept their differences and face them together without pointing figures at each other and ensure that communication between them is kept on toes overcoming the challenges would not be a big deal. There is no solution that can never be reached if people would learn to be listeners, flexible and accommodating of their partners (Corner, 2008).

6.0 References

Academic Leadership. Com. (2010). Conflict Resolution Menu. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.ohrd.wisc.edu/onlinetraining/resolution/aboutwhatisit.htm

Booth, Crouter, & Clements. (2001). Couples in conflict: Penn State University Family Issues Symposia Series. New York NY: Routledge.

Cameron, D. (2000), Good to talk? Living and working in a communication culture. London: SAGE.

Corner, M. (2008). Understanding the Difference between Men and Women. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.crisiscounseling.com/Relationships/DifferencesMenWomen.htm

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: psychological theory and women’s development.

London, UK: Harvard University Press.

Greenberg, Bruess, Conklin. (2007). Exploring the dimensions of human sexuality. New Jersey, NJ: Jones & Bartlett.

IFU (INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN). Workshop on Conflict Resolution Facilitator’s Guide. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.ifuw.org/training/pdf/conflict-facilitator-2001.pdf

Kuriansky, J. (2001). The complete idiot’s guide to a healthy relationship. Complete idiot’s guide to. New Jersey, NJ: Alpha Books,

Legato, M. & Tucker, K. (2005). Why men never remember and women never forget. Washington, DC: Rodale.

McCarthy, M. (2005). Women’s brains are different from men’s – and here’s scientific proof. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/womens-brains-uareu-different-from-mens-ndash-and-heres-scientific-proof-870849.html

Peterson, J. (2007). Female Perception vs. Male Perception. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.lifescript.com/Life/Relationships/Marriage/Female_Perception_vs_Male_Perception.aspx

Phobias-help.com. (2010). How Do You Deal With Conflict? Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.phobiashelp.com/effective_communication_skills/How_Do_You_Deal_With_Conflict.html

Renato, M. & Sabbatini, P. (2003). Are There Differences between the Brains of Males and Females? Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n11/mente/eisntein/cerebro-homens.html

UNESCO. (January 2002). Best Practices of: Non-Violent Conflict Resolution in and out-of-school. New York, NY: United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization.

Yarborough, M. (2006). Differences in Men & Women’s Perception. Retrieved on February 1, 2010 from: http://etransgender.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=197

Relational Conflict Between Male And Female Essay

 

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BBA 3301 Unit V Assignment

Instructions: Enter all answers directly in this worksheet. When you are finished, select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Upload the data sheet to Blackboard as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished.

Question 1. (30 points total) Use this balance sheet and income statement from Carver Enterprises to complete parts a and b:

a. (15 points) Prepare a common size balance sheet for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size balance sheet: (Round to one decimal place.)

Common−Size Balance Sheet		2013
Cash and marketable securities	$	490		%
Accounts receivable		5,990
Inventories		9,550
Current assets	$	16,030		%
Net property plant and equipment		17,030
Total assets	$	33,060		%
Accounts payable	$	7,220		%
Short−term debt		6,800
Current liabilities	$	14,020		%
Long−term liabilities		7,010
Total liabilities	$	21,030		%
Total owners’ equity		12,030
Total liabilities and owners’ equity	$	33,060		%

b. (15 points) Prepare a common-size income statement for Carver Enterprises. Complete the common-size income statement: (Round to one decimal place.)

Common−Size Income Statement		2013
Revenues	$	30,020		%
Cost of goods sold		(19,950)
Gross profit	$	10,070		%
Operating expenses		(7,960)
Net operating income	$	2,110		%
Interest expense		(940)
Earnings before taxes	$	1,170		%
Taxes		(425)
Net income	$	745		%

Question 2. (10 points total) Use this data table of Campbell Industries liabilities and owners’ equity to complete parts a and b.

a. (5 points) What percentage of the firm’s assets does the firm finance using debt (liabilities)? (Round to one decimal place.)

b. (5 points) If Campbell were to purchase a new warehouse for $1.3 million and finance it entirely with long-term debt, what would be the firm’s new debt ratio? (Round to one decimal place.)

Question 3. (10 points total) (Liquidity analysis) Airspot Motors, Inc. has $2,433,200 in current assets and $869,000 in current liabilities. The company’s managers want to increase the firm’s inventory, which will be financed using short-term debt. How much can the firm increase its inventory without its current ratio falling below 2.1 (assuming all other assets and current liabilities remain constant)? (Round to one decimal place.)

Question 4. (10 points total) (Efficiency analysis) Baryla Inc. manufactures high quality decorator lamps in a plant located in eastern Tennessee. Last year the firm had sales of $93 million and a gross profit margin of 45 percent.

a. (5 points) How much inventory can Baryla hold and still maintain an inventory turnover ratio of at least 6.3 times? (Round to one decimal place.)

b. (5 points) Currently, some of Baryla’s inventory includes $2.3 million of outdated and damaged goods that simply remain in inventory and are not salable. What inventory ratio must the good inventory maintain in order to achieve an overall turnover ratio of at least 6.3 (including the unsalable items)? (Round to one decimal place.)

Question 5. (15 points total) (Profitability and capital structure analysis) In the year that just ended, Callaway Lighting had sales of $5,470,000 and incurred cost of goods sold equal to $4,460,000. The firm’s operating expenses were $128,000 and its increase in retained earnings was $42,000 for the year. There are currently 99,000 common stock shares outstanding and the firm pays a $4.770 dividend per share. The firm has $1,180,000 in interest-bearing debt on which it pays 7.7 percent interest.

a. (5 points) Assuming the firm’s earnings are taxed at 35%, construct the firm’s income statement.

Income Statement
Revenues	$
Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit	$
Operating Expenses
Net Operating Income	$
Interest Expense
Earnings before Taxes	$
Income Taxes
Net Income	$

b. (5 points) Calculate the firm’s operating profit margin and net profit margin. (Round to one decimal place.)

The operating profit margin is		%
The net income margin is		%

c. (5 points) Compute the times interest earned ratio.

The times interest earned ratio is

%

What does this tell you about Callaway’s ability to pay its interest expense? (Fill in the blank with the times interest earned ratio from above and select the best choice.)

1) Callaway’s operating income can fall as much as ______ times the interest expense and the company would still be able to service its debt.

2) Callaway’s interest expense is _______ times higher than its competitors.

3) Callaway’s gross profit can fall as much as ______ times and still be able to service its debt.

4) Callaway’s operating income can fall as much as ______ times and still be able to repay its debt.

Answer:

What is the firm’s return on equity? (Select the best choice.)

1) The firm’s return on equity is the same as the net profit margin, 9.4%.

2) The firm’s return on equity is the sum of the operating profit margin and the net profit margin, 25.5%.

3) There is not enough information to answer this question.

4) The firm’s return on equity is the same as the operating profit margin, 16.1%.

Answer:

Question 6. (5 points total) (Market value analysis) Lei Materials’ balance sheet lists total assets of $1.16 billion, $132 million in current liabilities, $415 million in long-term debt, $613 million in common equity, and 58 million shares of common stock. If Lei’s current stock price is $52.08, what is the firm’s market-to-book ratio? (Round to one decimal place.)

Question 7. (5 points total) (DuPont analysis) Bryley, Inc. earned a net profit margin of 5.1 percent last year and had an equity multiplier of 3.49. If its total assets are $109 million and its sales are $157 million, what is the firm’s return on equity? (Round to one decimal place.)

Question 8. (15 points total) (Calculating financial ratios) Use the balance sheet and income statement for the J. P. Robard Mfg. Company to calculate the following ratios:

Current ratio (Round to two decimal places.)
Times interest earned (Round to two decimal places.)		times
Inventory turnover (Round to two decimal places.)		times
Total asset turnover (Round to two decimal places.)
Operating profit margin (Round to one decimal places.)		%
Operating return on assets (Round to one decimal places.)		%
Debt ratio (Round to one decimal places.)		%
Average collection period (Round to one decimal places.)		days
Fixed asset turnover (Round to two decimal places.)
Return on equity (Round to one decimal places.)		%

 

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Formative and Summative Assessments Sample Essay

Assessments allow both instructors and learners to monitor progress towards achieving learning objectives. Formative assessment focuses on tools used in class that identify learning gaps while assessing methods to close such gaps. Summative assessment evaluates the students’ learning at the end of the course.

Formative assessments involve a range of approaches such as group deliberations and tests intended to spawn response on the productivity of learners. This is mostly done to enable the tutors to identify the students’ weaknesses and make the necessary alterations in their teaching methods for the greater good of the students (Kharbach, 2014). Besides, it is based on students’ knowledge of different topics. Both the tutors and the learners are engaged in decision making regarding learning. Summative assessment, on the other hand, provides educational stakeholders such as teachers, students, and guardians with a comprehension of the scholars’ general education. These assessments may be in terms of essays, projects, and presentations.

Formative assessments are used by educators and learners to measure the understanding of the students on a given subject. If the teachers realize that the understanding of the students is low, they can come up with practices such as speed tests to ensure that the students understand what they have been taught (Chappuis & Chappuis, 2008). Summative assessments, on the other hand, provides teachers and students with information about the attainment of content knowledge.

Informative assessment information must be provided through instruction charts that allow for response to student needs. Through this, students can read and understand what is expected of them to achieve the desired results (Chappuis & Chappuis, 2008). On the other hand, summative assessment evaluates the performance of the student by associating it to some standard.

In conclusion, Formative assessments involve a range of approaches such as group deliberations and tests. Summative assessment, on the other hand, provides educational stakeholders such as teachers, students, and guardians with a comprehension of the scholars’ general education.

References

Chappuis, S., & Chappuis, J. (2008). The Difference Between Summative and Formative. Informative Assessment , 14-19.

Kharbach, M. (2014). Summative vs Formative Assessments. Educational Technology and Mobile Learning, 1-5.

 

 

Formative and Summative Assessments Sample Essay

 

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Sample Essay

 

Sample Essay

 

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European Colonists and American Indians Sample Essay

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

European Colonists and American Indians

Name

Institution Affiliation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

My name is Xie Chung, and I’m an international student from China. Since my name is Chinese name, it’s hard to pronounce. But I have an English name, Crystal, so feel free to call me Crystal. This is my third semester at CSM. I’m majoring in Business and want to transfer to UCs. The reasons why I’m taking this course are not only for GE course but also my interest. For the reason that I was born in raised in China, so I haven’t learned about the US history before. Therefore, ever since I become a student at CSM, I have wanted to learn US history. Also, I live quite far from the school so that I decided to take on online course for this semester to save time.

European Colonists and American Indians

The first inhabitants of the Americas were the American Indians. They established their shelters in different parts of the state and formed sovereign tribes with the well-defined Indian way of life. These people got the name Indians from Christopher Columbus in 1492 a term which gave them a collective identity. European colonist’s invasion in the Americas had significant impacts on Native Americans. For instance, their attack led to an eruption of war between them and the natives.

When the European colonists came to America, they were in dire need of workers to help in the construction of houses and clearing of farming fields (Flavin, 2011). The only way to acquire these workers was through offering trade commodities such as weapons to Native Americans in exchange for people captured during tribal conflicts. The arrested people were sold as slaves to the colonists. Slaves were exposed to poor living and working conditions which blend a sense of bitterness among them. This bitterness made them retaliate demanding fair treatment. The war resulted in a massive loss of lives and property. Additionally, some of the native tribes fled away to escape slavery. The effects of the war are still felt today as some of the native tribes were destroyed especially those that lived in the south and southwest.

Another source of conflict between Native Americans and European colonists was religion. The natives were Muslims, while the colonists were Christians. When the colonists invaded the Americas, they wanted to convert the natives into Christians. The natives did not respond well to this because they could not abandon their religion and cultural practices in favor of Christianity. Therefore, they opted for resistance which triggered an eruption of war, thus distracting their daily activities and loss of lives and property.

Several factors influenced how Native Americans interacted with the Europeans. For instance, the French took advantage of the tribal conflicts between the natives to establish trade relations with some of the locals (Salisbury, 2010). The locals would, therefore, act as middlemen between the French and other Indian traders. The locals did most of the work but received little gains from their work. The French took part in the exchange of weapons and metal goods for animal products such as hides and skins. This trade led to the rise of social classes in American society as there arose a group of wealthy merchants. This trade also ensured continuous economic and diplomatic leverage among the locals.

Spain was the most powerful monarchy in Europe and strived to make their presence felt. For instance, they enslaved people in the Caribbean and acquired large tracts of land which they used for large scale farming. Additionally, they took part in the excavation of gold and silver, which they took back to their homeland. The Spaniards also established military bases in areas such as St Augustine and settled there. The aim of these military posts was to suppress any opposition posed by the locals. Catholic missionaries took advantage of the whole situation and attempted to convert the natives into Christianity. Although they managed to turn a few people, they faced a lot of opposition. Some of the Indians would collaborate with the Spaniards, but they continued practicing their cultural practices and religion, making the missionaries conclude that the natives were inferior and incapable of comprehending Christianity.

In conclusion, the number of natives diminished during the 17th century as epidemics brought by the Europeans killed a massive amount of the locals. In addition, intermarriage between the locals and the Europeans led to absorption of most American Natives.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Flavin, F. (2011). Native Americans and American History. University of Texas at Dallas, 1-11.

Salisbury , N. (2010). The Indians’ Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of European. Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture , 1-25.

 

 

 

 

European Colonists and American Indians Sample Essay

 

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